Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Final - Essay Example the operational command of the Allied forces, which included the US forces under the directive of the Supreme Commanders for the South East Asia (Charles, 42) The Truman doctrine stated that the US would provide aid to people anywhere in the globe who fall victims of attempted subjugation by armed minorities of external pressures, however, the Berlin Blockade that saw the Soviet Union cut off the rails and highways delayed the implementation process. The US started airlifting aid up to 1949, when the USSR lifted the blockade. This followed that, the western powers pulled out of Germany and allowed the creation of the West Germany and the USSR reciprocated by allowing the creation of the East Germany. This trend hampered the Truman doctrine (Charles, 51). The Bay of Pigs, Laos, Berlin, the Cuban missile crisis and war at Vietnam formed the flexible response. The test of flexible response on Vietnam was applied by force. There was not strategic planning and implementation and this led to the defeat and humiliation of the US forces (Charles,

The film PSYCHO (Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) Essay

The film PSYCHO (Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) - Essay Example Mark Lewis comes across a prostitute and starts to film her with a camera he has hidden into his coat. Mark follows the prostitute to her residence and kills her. Later Mark goes back to his house and gladly watches the film of how he murdered the woman. Meanwhile, Mark is also a member of a film crew. Deep inside he has thought of how he would make it to a filmmaker. He is a part-time photographer of women who are into soft porn as pin-up pictures. Mark is an anti-social person (Powell). He lives in his dead father’s house. Mark is fascinated by his neighbors downstairs. Most of all he is fascinated by Helen. Helen is a young woman who has been sweetly natured and she pity’s Marks. Out of this pity, she befriends Marks.The police officers follow Mark closely to a building where he does his photography. This time he is to take photos of pin-up model Milly and he kills her then returns home. Helen runs Mark’s films out of curiosity and Mark catches her in the proc ess. She is dead frightened and Mark tells her that he does that to capture the fear of his victims. The police arrive and corner him. Realizing this, he kills himself the way he killed his victims on the camera. This last scene provides the final part of his documentary. Aspects of the two movies 1. Historical background of the movies The film PSYCHO is an American horror film acted in 1960. The film is directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Joseph Stephano screen-played the movie based on the 1959 novel Psycho which Robert Bloch wrote (Hitchcock). Robert Bloch was inspired by the crimes of Wisconsin murderer and Ed Gein, a grave robber. Wisconsin and Ed Gein lived about forty miles from Robert Bloch. The film PEEPING TOM is a British thriller film acted in 1960. The film is directed by Michael Powell. The movie was written by Leo Marks. Leo Marks was a world-war 2 cryptographer and polymath. 2. Comparison of the directors Both directors have a passion for writing films which entrails psychological thrillers and suspense. However, we see that Hitchcock’s Psycho film elevated his career as he was nominated for numerous awards for directing it. Michael Powell’s Peeping Tom was a subject of critics, which at one point maimed his career as a direct or. 3. The principles of film form PSYCHO is a horror-slashed film. It brings about a negative emotional kind of reaction especially in the shower

Impact of organizational change on employees commitment

Impact of organizational change on employees commitment IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ON EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT Employee commitment has been an important factor to determine the success of an organization. In the current section we are going to see the influence of organizational change on employees commitment. Many authors and researchers have concentrated on reactions closely associated with the change itself, such as participants openness to change (Wanberg Banas, 2000), willingness for change (Armenakis et al, 1993), confrontation to change (Kotter Schlesinger, 1979), or pessimism toward change (Wanous, Reichers, Austin, 2000). On the other hand few researchers have focused on broader workplace outcomes, such as organizational commitment and absenteeism (Hui Lee, 2000). But, Hercovitch Meyer (2002) investigated individuals support for a single change initiative as a function of both commitment to change and organizational commitment. Judge et al. (1999) argues that if it is known how a change initiative is managed and the consequences of the change initiative can impact organizational commitment as they cause employees to re-evaluate their personal association with the organization. Thus, knowing that organizational change may indicate alterations in the rapport between the employe e and the organization (Caldwell et al., 2004), it is important for management to understand how change initiatives may strengthen or weaken employees commitment to the organization. Coetsee (1999) argues that commitment is one of the important factors involved in employees support for change initiatives. Some aspects of change initiatives may also play important role in the change-commitment relationship. First, attitudinal reactions to change are considered to be focused, in part, by feelings of uncertainty, loss of control, and fear of failure engendered by the change events (Oreg, 2003). As such, the magnitude or extensiveness of a particular change, by affecting the degree of such feelings, provides a context within which fairness and favourableness are evaluated in shaping employees responses to the change (Caldwell et al, 2004). Second, a given organizational change can be conceived as occurring or having different impact at different organizational levels, such as the organizational, work group, or individual levels (Goodman Rousseau, 2004). Fedor et al (2006) suggests that Changes having proximal impact, that is, changes affecting ones own job needs or ones immediate work group should be more salient in shaping the change-commitment relationship than changes having their eff ects at higher levels in the organization. Hercovitch Meyer (2002) defined commitment to a change as â€Å"a mindset that binds an individual to a course of action deemed necessary for the successful implementation of a change initiative†, and argued that this mindset â€Å"can reflect (a) a desire to provide support for the change based on a belief in its inherent benefits (affective commitment to the change), (b) a recognition that there are costs associated with failure to provide support for the change (continuance commitment to the change), and (c) a sense of obligation to provide support for the change (normative commitment to the change)†. Attitudes towards organizational change The role of organizational commitment in a change context is evident from the change management literature (Vakola Nikolaou, 2005). Darwish (2000) says that according to many authors employees appreciation of change is dependent on organizational commitment of that employee. Iverson (1996) ranked union membership and organizational commitment first and second respectively as determinants for attitudes towards organizational change. Lau Woodman (1995) argued that organizational change is supported by highly committed employees if it is supposed to be advantageous. But, Vakola Nikolau (2005) contradicts this by saying that many researchers indicated that highly committed employees may refuse to accept to change if they perceive it as a threat for their own benefit. Influence of organizational commitment on attitudes to organizational change is evident from the above findings. Iverson (1996) supports this as organizational commitment is better predictor of behavioural intentions than job satisfaction within change context, based on previous research. He then adds on that in a change project more effort is put by highly committed employees, as a result positive attitudes towards change are developed among employees. From the above discussion it can be predicted that the relationship between organizational commitment and attitudes to change is positive. Locus of control The concept of LOC was initially proposed by Rotter (1966), which refers to an individuals awareness of his or her ability to employ control over the environment. Internals believe that they have control over their environment, whereas externals view their lives as controlled by external factors. Researchers have proposed that the concept of LOC should be considered a multidimensional construct and thus the internal and external control might be relatively independent as opposed to consisting of opposing ends of a single continuum (e.g., Levenson, 1981). However, most studies of locus of control within organizations have been dominated by Rotters single factor LOC scale (Chung Ding, 2002). Given that change unavoidably places an individual in an indecisive environment (Begley, 1998). An individuals psychological reactions to change will be influenced by his or her control over the environment. According to Judge et al. (1999), some evidence confirms the relationship between LOC and various psychological reactions to a change. Lau Woodman (1995) identified that compared with externals, internals had a more positive attitude toward a change, and could better handle with a change (Judge et al., 1999). However, Chen Wang (2007) argued that internals may resist a change and externals may support a change in some cases. Thus, the relationship between LOC and psychosocial reactions to a change is more complex than it appears. Chen Wang (2007) proposed that the above difference between internals and externals lies in the manner of their support or resistance to a change, which comes from a different psychological mechanism, and thus LOC should be studied in relation to more comprehensively analyzed psychological reactions to a specific change.

Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon Toni Morrison essay

Theme of Flight in Song of Solomon    Clearly, the significant silences and the stunning absences throughout Morrison's texts become profoundly political as well as stylistically crucial. Morrison describes her own work as containing "holes and spaces so the reader can come into it" (Tate 125), testament to her rejection of theories that privilege j the author over the reader. Morrison disdains such hierarchies in which the reader as participant in the text is ignored: "My writing expects, demands participatory reading, and I think that is what literature is supposed to do. It's not just about telling the story; it's about involving the reader ... we (you, the reader, and I, the author) come together to make this book, to feel this experience" (Tate 125). But Morrison also indicates in each of her novels that images of the zero, the absence, the silence that is both chosen and enforced, are ideologically and politically revelatory. Morrison's male characters ... imagine themselves in flight and are almost all in love with airplanes. ... In the tradition of black literature since Richard Wright's Native Son, however, the privilege of flight, at least in airplanes, is mostly reserved for white boys. Black males, in Morrison, fly only metaphorically, and then only with the assistance and the inspiration of black women. According to Baker, in his aptly titled "When Lindbergh Sleeps with Bessie Smith," "flight is a function of black woman's conjure and not black male industrial initiative" (105). ... Song of Solomon opens with the image of attempted flight, as Robert Smith, ironically an agent of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance company, promises to "take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings" (3). Pilate (P... ... style and in an attempt to discount linearity as a value.) It would be worse than useless, for example, to talk about "plot development" in Morrison's novels; there is plot, certainly, but its revelation culminates or evolves through a process of compilation of multiple points of view, varieties of interpretation of events (and some of these contradictory), through repetition and reiteration. As there is no "climax," in the usual sense, so also there is no resolution, no series of events that can conveniently be labeled "beginning, middle, end." Works Cited: McKay, Nellie, editor, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison, G.K. Hall, 1988. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Rigney, Barbara Hill. The Voices of Toni Morrison, Ohio State University Press: Columbus, 1991. Tate, C., ed. Black Women Writers at Work, Continuum, 1986.

Upholding English Proficiency for Communicative Competency Essay

For many years since the World War II, the English language had been the lingua franca of numerous countries and territories all around the world. It is used in the everyday lives of many people – from selling and buying to creating laws. Being an English proficient person, one must be able to speak, read and write the language. To be truly proficient, he must have advance abilities in the three divisions wherein he can convey and relay his thoughts fluently. But being good in this language doesn’t just mean being mainstream. It is more than that. It is being able to communicate and relate with different people from different cultures. Whenever a person goes to a foreign land without properly learning its native language, he has to find ways how to converse with the natives. And whenever this happens, people always opt to use English. Since it is the universal language, it is no more a surprise that most human beings walking on this planet can utilize the lingo. Learning English gives the people confidence, confidence to face the world and its people. Schools use the language as the primary medium of instruction because many believe that by doing so, they are preparing the students to become globally competitive. They believe that they can achieve what other people can achieve by being skilled in the language. The students will have brighter future ahead of them. Many opportunities await them if they have this specific skill. This is because they can openly communicate and share ideas. They can face international questions that will challenge them. Learning the language would not just bring us opportunities, it would bring us success. Let us have debate as an example. In many formal debates, it would be the English language that is going to be used. If one is not proficient enough, then he cannot express his arguments effectively, he can’t be an effective communicator. In a court trial, a lawyer has to bravely defend his case using the language. He has to speak clearly,

Beyond the Ordinary Essay

Inside the Ateneo de Manila University is a hectic and busy population of students . Clearly seen by the bags under their eyes, these students have been through numerous tension due to the load of studies they’re having. Fortunately, beyond all those problems ,there is a sanctuary where students can reside to ease up their stress. A restaurant so accessible that is just within the school itself. Hidden under the University Dorm, is a concealed restaurant exceeding your ordinary cafeteria. It is Zekaf, the right place to relax while having a meal. Zekaf has the perfect ambience for people to relax and hang out. Once inside the restaurant, the public figures on the wallpapers greets you with a warm welcome. The place gives a warm feeling to its customers, as it is decorated with different shades of brown, a dull hue to bring out its sophistication. The carpeted floor also adds to the restaurant’s comfort. Mellow sounds and jazzy instrumental music engrosses the area, keeping the customers entertained while keeping them relaxed. Deeper inside the restaurant, is a wide balcony that displays the bright lights all over Marikina City, a simple yet breath-taking view. The smell of mixed herbs and spices also fill the area as the main dishes are being served on ordinary ceramic plates. What makes Zekaf unlike the other cafeterias is its interior design that helps attract more customers. Exceeding its ordinary purpose of being a cafeteria to the students of the Ateneo, Zekaf is also considered to be a venue for the people to enjoy each others company. Bringing in more students, from both Ateneo High School and Ateneo University, the restaurant has proven to be a mode of entertainment for every age group. Designed by a flat screen television, one can hear all kinds of sounds– from the deafening charges of guns from action movies to soothing melodies projected in the nature channel, the customers can just sit back and enjoy the entertainment offered by this restaurant. Zekaf has already grabbed its social status inside the university. It’s the place where students can both ease their stress at the same time enjoy the company of their friends. Beyond the average cafeteria, this place not only gives the customers a hearty meal but also the entertainment one cannot simply experience anywhere.